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KMID : 1034520140080020027
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Journal of Occupational Therapy for the Aged and Dementia
2014 Volume.8 No. 2 p.27 ~ p.33
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A Review on Appropriate Posture when Using Smart Phones
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Kim Woo-Taek
Yang Yeong-Ae
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Abstract
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Objectives : This study aims to analyze musculoskeletal disorders, which originate from the increase of smart phone use, documented in domestic researches based on the characteristics and posture of usage and find out approach of occupational therapy for the solution of the problems.
Methods : This study conducted systematic review through narrative synthesis. A total of 69 items of research that are related with the study subject were retrieved on February 1, 2014, through Korean Studies Information Service System (KISS), National Assembly Library, National Library of Korea and Research Information Research Service (RISS), and through selection process, 7 researches were finally chosen for analysis. The words for retrieval were ‘smart phone’ and ‘posture’ and the period of retrieval was from 2000 to 2013.
Results : Although there were many studies that approached the use of smart phones in various ways, only a few studies dealt with physical effects, and especially, studies were rare that provide such fundamental guide as posture of the users. Studies that were used for investigation were the ones that saw the use of smart phones as the cause of musculoskeletal disorders, and were case analyses through questionnaires and experimental research results, excluding simple narrative references. Number of study subjects was 2,272 in total and age ranged widely from middle school students to adults in their 30s. Most mentioned pain and fatigue in their neck and shoulders, and 2 studies investigated fatigue in the movement of fingers and eyes. All of investigated study results referred to incorrect posture of the smart phone use as the cause of musculoskeletal disorders.
Conclusion : With the increase of smart phone use, various side effects have also increased, inducing causal analyses and numerous efforts to come up with countermeasures through academic approach. And yet, most studies have focused on sociological and psychological harm and extremely few studies have conducted analysis on the cause and effect of smart phone use leading to musculoskeletal disorders. Moreover, these few studies also have been clustered around recent 1∼2 years. Occupational therapy is a professional field in which various analyses and approach can be made on the study subjects, and although economic, psychological and social benefits can be enhanced in terms of user, existing studies have mostly focused on convenience and usability, rather than on negative effects of smart phone use. Therefore, therapeutic studies are required that can suggest intervention treatment and appropriate posture through RULA and OWAS analysis, movement analysis and evaluation on the level of electromyogram and functional occupation.
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KEYWORD
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Smart Phone, Posture, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Systematic Review
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